Hypertension or high blood pressure is a disorder characterized by more than normal pressure at which the blood is being pumped by the heart. The main function of the heart is to pump blood into the arteries and to receive the blood that comes back to it, after having completed a circuit of the whole body within few seconds.
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With each beat of the heart, the blood is pumped out to the various organs through the arteries. When there is a disorder of the arteries such as arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries or deposition of fat in their insides), they are unable to contain the amount of blood that is necessary for a normal functioning of its circulation throughout the body, with the result that the heart is strained and works overtime to maintain the required amount of blood.
In that process, it pumps with greater vigor and what is known as 'high pressure' of the blood is caused.
In short, it is a disease of the modern age. The fast pace of life and the mental and physical pressures caused by the increasingly industrialized and metropolitan environments have a role to play in the rise in blood pressure. The normal range of blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg.
Depending upon individual constitutions, any variation from the normal gives rise to symptoms like headache, ringing sensation in the ears, pressure in the frontal region of the head, palpitations and a general feel of unease.
Hypertension may be categorized as either essential or functional. It may be caused in the latter case as a result of malfunctioning of the kidneys, giving rise to high urea content in the blood. Stress or anxiety may be the other causes of functional hypertension.
Excessive use of alcohol and other intoxicants; salt; lack of exercise, leading to continuous inactivity of the heart muscle under conditions of stress are all reasons for hypertension. The other causes are intake of high salt and high fatty foods and low fibre diet.
The cardinal symptoms of hypertension are inability to sleep well, palpitations, giddiness, weakness and impairment of digestion. If the disorder becomes chronic due to carelessness or lack of proper medication, the capillaries supplying blood to the retina may become disordered and there may be impairment of vision.
If the blood supply to the brain fails as a high complication of blood pressure, the patient may fall victim to a stroke. There may be cerebral haemorrhage, resulting in paralysis or even death.
The patient suffering from hypertension should be kept on a low-fat diet. Hydrogenated oils and saturated fats must be avoided at all costs. The best diet for a person suffering from hypertension is boiled vegetables and fruits. One can also take tender coconut water if they are not suffering from Diabetes. Buttermilk is the best option for those suffering from high blood pressure. It is advisable to have a limited salt intake to avoid elevation of the blood pressure. It is also advisable to avoid excess intake of meat and eggs.
Carbohydrates are best avoided as they create digestive complications in such patients.
The patient should follow a balanced lifestyle. He should go to bed early at night. he should avoid any kind of stress.
The patient suffering from hypertension should not go out in the sunlight. The patients suffering from diabetes and hypertension are at higher risk of suffering from stroke when going out in extreme hot weather without any measures to prevent themselves from exposure to sunlight.
The patients are also advised to maintain a proper weight to prevent further complications and for the betterment of the health.
The class of drugs indicated for hypertension is commonly the diuretics. Sometimes, the diuretics include the loop diuretics or potassium sparing diuretics. It is also combined with beta-blockers or ace inhibitors.
Sarpagandha is the most commonly used Ayurvedic drug for hypertension. The other herbs that are found effective in treating hypertension are garlic, lemon, Indian gooseberry etc.
